The former uses technology as a means to an end, merely a backdrop that allows The Captain to fight for Justiceā¢ with a Stun Ray against the evil aliens and have space sex with the Green-Skinned Space Babe, instead of having to have him use a boring, ordinary gun and have boring, ordinary sex, with the boring, ordinary-skinned Earth babe. Soft science fiction includes everything else, and generally falls under two major schools - adventure/pulp science fiction (which includes the Space Opera) and social science fiction. Due to the heavy focus on the scientific aspect, this is a rather niche market. Hard SF tries to use the advanced technology as something that is important in itself, with its consequences, limitations and new uses being the main plot points. Hard science fiction relies on using already established science or justifying its fictionalized science using carefully calculated predictions. While the distinction isn't always clear cut, there are a few key differences. In general, without getting too much into the advanced and diverse subgenres of science fiction, there are two schools - "hard" and "soft". This story would be both Science Fiction and Detective Story. Often, the technology is a means to explore a concept, and the story could be a detective story focusing on how advanced technology affects crime and policing. However, Science Fiction is as much a genre as a setting. The story was written in a time when submarines were still at the prototype stage, so 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea falls within the boundaries of Science Fiction. The one defining(-ish, definitions differ) trait of Science Fiction is that there is technology that doesn't exist in the time period the story is written in. you could visit a world where you were never born. Or as an obscure 1930s Science Fiction musical asked, "just imagine". Science Fiction depends on asking "what if?" (Not quite the same thing as What If?). As a literary genre, Science Fiction (a subset of Speculative Fiction) is broad and incorporates subgenres ranging from Steampunk to Cyberpunk, running headalong through Space Opera on the way.
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